Hesiod portrayed temporal justice, Dike, as the daughter of Zeus and Themis. Drawing not only on the socio-religious consciousness of his time but also on many of the earlier cult-religions, Hesiod described the forces of the universe as cosmic divinities. Themis occurred in Hesiod's Theogony as the first recorded appearance of Justice as a divine personage. Even Hera addressed her as "Lady Themis". Such was also the basis for order upon Olympus. Judges were often referred to as " themistopóloi " (the servants of Themis). Themis presided over the proper relation between man and woman, the basis of the rightly ordered family (the family was seen as the pillar of the deme). Themis is not wrathful when a distraught Hera returned to Olympus after quarrelling with Zeus, Themis, "of the lovely cheeks," was the first to offer her a cup. When Themis is disregarded, Nemesis brings just and wrathful retribution thus Themis shared the small temple at Rhamnous with Nemesis. Some classical depictions of Themis show her holding a sword. Themis is an earth goddess much like her mother, Gaia, and in some stories it is hard to tell the two apart. Some classical descriptions of Themis describe a sober-looking woman holding scales. Description Painting of Themis with scales and sword by Marcello Bacciarelli In the Hymn to Apollo, Themis is referred to as " Ichnaea", meaning "Tracker". įinley adds, "There was themis-custom, tradition, folk-ways, mores, whatever we may call it, the enormous power of 'it is (or is not) done.'" A gift of the gods and a mark of civilized existence, sometimes it means right custom, proper procedure, social order, and sometimes merely the will of the gods (as revealed by an omen, for example) with little of the idea of right. To the ancient Greeks she was originally the organizer of the "communal affairs of humans, particularly assemblies." Moses Finley remarked of themis, as the word was used by Homer in the 8th century BCE, to evoke the social order of the 10th- and 9th-century Greek Dark Ages: ![]() Themis means "divine law" rather than human ordinance, literally "that which is put in place", from the Greek verb títhēmi ( τίθημι), meaning "to put." She is associated with oracles and prophecies, including the Oracle of Delphi. She is one of the twelve Titan children of Gaia and Uranus, and the second wife of Zeus. In Greek mythology and religion, Themis ( / ˈ θ iː m ɪ s/ Ancient Greek: Θέμις, romanized: Themis, lit.'justice, law, custom') is the goddess and personification of justice, divine order, law, and custom.
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